Minulý čas jednoduchý
Otestujte si svoje vedomostiDefinícia minulého času jednoduchého
Minulý čas jednoduchý, niekedy nazývaný aj préteritum, sa používa pri rozprávaní o dokončenej činnosti v čase pred terajškom. Minulý čas jednoduchý predstavuje základný tvar pre anglický minulý čas. Čas, kedy sa činnosť stala, môže byť v nedávnej alebo dávnej minulosti a jej trvanie nie je podstatné.
Príklady
- John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
- My father died last year.
- He lived in Fiji in 1976.
- We crossed the Channel yesterday.
Minulý čas jednoduchý používajte vždy, keď chcete povedať, kedy sa niečo stalo. Spája sa s konkrétnymi výrazmi minulého času.
-
frekvencia: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school. -
presný bod v minulosti: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night -
neurčitý bod v minulosti: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago
People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.
Poznámka: slovo ago predstavuje užitočný spôsob vyjadrenia vzdialenosti v čase. Je umiestnené za časovým obdobím: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.
Tvorenie minulého času jednoduchého
Vzor minulého času jednoduchého pre pravidelné slovesá
| Kladné | ||
| Podmet | + sloveso + ed | |
| I | skipped. | |
| Záporné | ||
| Podmet | + did not | + neurčitok bez to |
| They | didn't | go. |
| Opytovacie | ||
| Did | + podmet | + neurčitok bez to |
| Did | she | arrive? |
| Opytovací zápor | ||
| Did not | + podmet | + neurčitok bez to |
| Didn't | you | play? |
To Walk
| Kladné | Záporné | Opytovacie |
|---|---|---|
| I walked | I didn't walk | Did I walk? |
| You walked | You didn't walk | Did you walk? |
| He walked | He didn't walk | Did he walk? |
| We walked | We didn't walk | Did we walk? |
| They walked | They didn't walk | Did they walk? |
Minulý jednoduchý čas slovies to be, to have, to do
| Podmet | Sloveso | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Be | Have | Do | |
| I | was | had | did |
| You | were | had | did |
| He/She/It | was | had | did |
| We | were | had | did |
| You | were | had | did |
| They | were | had | did |
Poznámky ku kladným, záporným a opytovacím formám
Kladné
Kladná veta v minulom čase jednoduchom je jednoduchá.
- I was in Japan last year
- She had a headache yesterday.
- We did our homework last night.
Záporné a opytovacie
Pri zápornom a opytovacom tvare "to do" ako bežného slovesa, použite pomocné sloveso "did", napr. We didn't do our homework last night.
Záporný tvar od "have" v minulom jednoduchom čase sa zvyčajne tvorí použitím pomocného slovesa "did", ale niekedy len jednoduchým pridaním not, alebo jeho skratky "n't".
V opytovacom tvare sa so slovom "have" v minulom čase jednoduchom používa pomocné sloveso "did".
Príklady
- They weren't in Rio last summer.
- We didn't have any money.
- We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
- We didn't do our exercises this morning.
- Were they in Iceland last January?
- Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
- Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?
Poznámka: Spolu so zápornými a opytovacími tvarmi všetkých slovies minulého času jednoduchého vždy používajte pomocné sloveso 'did''.
Minulý čas jednoduchý a nepravidelné slovesá
Niektoré slovesá sú nepravidelné v minulom čase jednoduchom. Tu je niekoľko najbežnejších z nich.
to go
- He went to a club last night.
- Did he go to the cinema last night?
- He didn't go to bed early last night.
to give
- We gave her a doll for her birthday.
- They didn't give John their new address.
- Did Barry give you my passport?
to come
- My parents came to visit me last July.
- We didn't come because it was raining.
- Did he come to your party last week?